This dissertation looks into one the most interesting discourses in contemporary architectural culture: the relationship between human beings and nature. Some scholars think of this relationship as a symbiosis, as an architectural organism armonically correlated with its environment and location. Others believe that a correspondence exists where architecture stands as an artifact ‘in dialogue’ with, and not as an imitation of, nature. Treehouses develop in both senses.
The realm of these architectures is open, embryonic, labyrinthine, polyhedral and kaleidoscopic. It was necessary to methodologically delimit it. We chose for the study the most fruitful period in the history and culture of treehouses. During the last twenty-five years, the latter have exerted great appeal once more due to the rise in environmental awareness. Likewise, leisure cultures (highlighting desire over utility or necessity) and introspection (seeking spiritual retreat far from the culture of globalization) have significantly increased. Around 1990, some relevant events announce this development: the publication of the book Treehouses by Aikman in 1988 inaugurates in an informal fashion such architectural culture. As for the final limit of the period addressed, an open margin between 2010 and 2015 has been established, out of scholarly prudence.
The dissertation objectives have focused on:
First, framing the concept of “treehouses”.
Second, discovering the motifs and ideas that inspired treehouses in previous periods, and their possible influence on their contemporary successors. These consist basically of idelogical, cultural, social, philosophical, symbolic, mythical and functional attentions.
Third, elaborate a taxonomy of the different basic intentions, considerations and triggers that might appear as crucial for the imaginary, conceptual and constructive process of current treehouses (1990-2010). To this end, we stood under the methodological umbrella of the notion of attention as defined by Quaroni, Ferrater, Broadbent and Seguí. We have proposed a reflection on the different kind of attentions and their suitability, distinguishing the following basic attentions:
1) Historical attentions (from the past): this denomination comprises the rhizomatic fabric of social, cultural, anthropological, philosophical, mythical and symbolic attentions.
These attentions allow the reader to get a foothold on this broad field before being able to go into the main body of research.
We will later discover that these become critical modal attentions for contemporary architectures.
2) Contemporary functional attentions. A multiple connection will be established with other basic ergonomic, organisational, typological and environmental attentions clearly influenced by them.
They are classified in an unprecedented taxonomy of thirty-eight subcategories that move us away from the stereotype of the tree house as a site of defense and protection, or as a children’s playground.
3) Contemporary constructive attentions. They will be linked with basic biological, structural-carrying, typological-constructive, environmental attentions (of materials) taken into account by constructors.
Likewise, the construction systems for carrying and self-carrying (artificial-natural) architectures, as well as for 100% natural ones, are revealed. Besides, we disclose the six structural mechanisms employed to fasten cabins to trees, and which the most suitable trees to support such structures are.
4) Contemporary formal attentions, including their connections with spatial, organizational and basic environmental attentions.
Simple and complex formal systematic taxonomies (pragmatic, iconic, analogical and canonical) have been established. Their analogy to other realities and to formal geometrical (canonical) structuring is studied in depth as utterly significant.
The research concludes by reflecting on the rhizomatic set of attentions, disciplines, notions and concepts inherent in the field of treehouses through an ideogram. The final view engages with the time span of these architectures by highlighting the fifty most noteworthy on account of the higher consistency of their attentional competence, either total or partial.